A Cross-Sectional Study on the Effect of Adverse Childhood Events and Perception Toward Parents on Emotional Intelligence.

Objective: Emotional intelligence describes how well an individual understands and manages his or her emotions. Parenting styles and early life events have an important bearing on emotional intelligence. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of adverse childhood events and perception toward parents on the various domains of emotional intelligence among medical interns.Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted among medical interns in an eastern Indian teaching hospital from August 2020 to September 2020. Emotional intelligence was assessed using the Quick Emotional Intelligence Self-Assessment in terms of emotional awareness, emotional management, social emotional management, and relationship management. Adverse childhood experiences were assessed using the Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire. Perception toward parents for all participants was assessed using the Perceptions of Parents Scale, which measured their mother's involvement, autonomy and support, and warmth and their father's involvement, autonomy and support, and warmth.Results: Of the 84 participants, 66.66% (n = 56) reported at least 1 adverse childhood experience. There was a significant negative correlation of adverse childhood experiences with emotional management (r = -0.542, n = 84, P = .00) and relationship management (r = -0.219, n = 84, P = .45). Emotional management showed a positive correlation with mother's involvement (r = 0.269, P = .013), autonomy and support (r = 0.34, P = .02), and warmth (r = 0.264, P = .015) and father's involvement (r = 0.336, P = .002), autonomy and support (r = 0.334, P = .002), and warmth (r = 0.340, P = .002). Relationship management showed a positive correlation with mother's involvement (r = 0.302, P = .005), autonomy and support (r = 0.272, P = .012), and warmth (r = 0.272, P = .012). Social emotional management showed a positive correlation with father's involvement (r = 0.294, P = .007), autonomy and support (r = 0.297, P = .006), and warmth (r = 0.297, P = .01).Conclusion: Experiencing adverse childhood events lowers emotional intelligence. Higher parental involvement, warmth, and autonomy and support promote better social emotional awareness, as well as emotional and relationship management.

Psychological profile of multi drug resistance TB patients: A qualitative study from a Tertiary care Centre of Kolkata.

INTRODUCTION: There has been a new challenge to the already existing threat of tuberculosis (TB) and that is drug resistance TB (DR-TB). The causal relationships between mental disorders and TB are complicated and relatively unexplored. For this reason a qualitative study was done on DR-TB patients attending R G Kar Medical College. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study population consisted of the patients who are registered for the DR-TB regimen are followed up four times with General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Those scoring poorly were sent for expert evaluation by psychologist, who counselled them, and followed them up after in-depth interviews. These records of in-depth interview were analysed as qualitative research inputs. RESULTS: In our study out of 165 patients, (4.8%) needed interventions. The domains emerging from the study are worried about future and as well as family, disbelief about the diagnosis, embarrassment regarding the diagnosis, fear of death, blaming fate for the disease, stigma, suicidal ideation. CONCLUSION: This study finds out the important domains of psychogical problems among the patients and also advocates a psychologist to remain at DR-TB centres.

Evaluation of Endocrine Parameters as Predictor of Major Depressive Disorder.

BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of the disease, major depressive disorder (MDD), entirely depends on the presence of some symptoms without any biochemical parameter to support it. Depletion of dopamine though is an established feature, is not the sole causative factor of MDD. Moreover, it has very little diagnostic value due to a short half-life. Other chemical messengers like hormones have also been found to get altered due to significant over activity of hypothalamo-pituitary axis. Literature review suggests that cortisol, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and prolactin (PRL) are mostly altered in MDD, which can be utilized to diagnose the condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 101 patients suffering from MDD along with 106 age- and sex-matched controls were included in this study. Cortisol, TSH, and PRL were assayed in all the study participants by enzyme immunoassay. Student's t-test and linear discriminant analysis were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: All the three hormones were found to be significantly high in cases with MDD. When applied for classification purpose, the errors in training group were found to be 15% and 15.74% from test set. None of the normal population was wrongly diagnosed as a patient of depression. CONCLUSION: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to evaluate multiple biochemical parameters as diagnostic marker of MDD. The study is in progress to find out a cutoff value of the responsible parameter so that they can be optimally used to diagnose a case of MDD.

Psychogenic purpura.

Psychogenic purpura, also known as Gardner-Diamond syndrome, is a rare, distinctive, localized cutaneous reaction pattern mostly affecting psychologically disturbed adult women. Repeated crops of tender, ill-defined ecchymotic lesions on the extremities and external bleeding from other sites characterize the condition. We report here a case of psychogenic purpura because of the rarity of the condition and to emphasize the importance of consideration of this entity during evaluation of a patient with recurrent ecchymoses. Early diagnosis of this condition will not only minimize the cost of the medical evaluation but will also benefit the patient.

Perinatal complications associated with autism--a case control study in a neurodevelopment and early intervention clinic.

Early and intensive intervention can have a profound impact on the quality of life for children at risk for autism. Hence a high degree of suspicion towards babies exposed to known risk factors is warranted. Previous studies have shown that different perinatal factors like antepartum bleeding, postmaturity, birth asphyxia, meconium aspiration syndrome, anaemia in early infancy and exposure to toxins of various origins makes an infant susceptible to development of autism; attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and other neurodevelopmental disorders in later life.This study aims to find out the association of perinatal risk factors in relation to development of autism spectrum disorders. All babies who are at least three years of age, attending the neurodevelopment and early intervention clinic at SSKM Hospital at Kolkata taken as cases. Age matched controls were taken from general paediatric OPD of the same hospital. After history taking, physical and neurological examination, developmental maturity was assessed by the Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST) and Vineland Social Maturity Scale (VSMS). A semi-structured parent's questionnaire and the modified checklist for autism in toddlers (M-CHAT) was used to screen for autism. Diagnosis was confirmed by DSM-IV-TR (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - Fourth Edition, Text Revision) criteria. Significant correlation was found between presence of antepartum haemorrhage, pregnancy induced hypertension, preterm delivery and autism in the baby. Perinatal complications are important risk factor for autism. Knowing the risk factors will help clinicians to be aware of the avoidable complications, and to undertake either preventive steps or intense intervention to reduce the degree of disability.

Prevalence of overweight and hypertension among rural and urban school going children and association of hypertension with overweight.

Overweight is a burning problem of school going children especially in affluent society. So urban children are affected more. Hypertension is a major co-morbidity of overweight. The number of overweight and hypertensive children is increasing and more among urban children. In this study sample was taken from rural and urban school going children of various age groups. The prevalence of overweight and hypertension among rural and urban school going children was obtained and relation between overweight and hypertension was established.

Comparative study of personality disorder associated with deliberate self harm in two different age groups (15-24 years and 45-74 years).

AIMS: To study the presence of personality disorder in cases of deliberate self harm (DSH) in young (15-24 years) and elderly (45-74 years) and compare. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Deliberate self harm cases admitted in Medical and surgical departments and cases attending psychiatry department of R.G. Kar Medical College, Kolkata were studied. For diagnosis of personality disorder ICD 10 International Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE) questionnaire was used. RESULTS: Percentage of elderly patients having personality disorder (64%) was higher compared to young DSH patients (58.5%). In young group, most common disorder was emotionally unstable personality disorder (28.6%) and in elderly group most common was anankastic type of personality disorder (36%). Schizoid, dissocial, histrionic, and anxious-avoidant personality disorders were found in small percentages of cases. CONCLUSION: Among DSH patients, the most common personality disorder found in young age was Emotionally unstable (Impulsive and Borderline) personality disorder, but most common personality disorder found in elderly patients was Anankastic personality disorder.

Diagnostic evaluation of childhood cervical lymphadenopathy by fine needle aspiration cytology.

Lymphadenopathy is an age old affliction of mankind. It is one of the very common presentations in clinical practice. The present study was carried out to evaluate the merits and demerits of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) as a diagnostic procedure in childhood lymphadenopathy in comparison to open surgical biopsy. Altogether 70 children with lymphadenopathy in the age group of up to 12 years were selected for FNAC. Only 38 could be motivated for open surgical biopsy. Out of 38 cases, FNAC was consistent with histopathology in 33 cases, thus giving a diagnostic accuracy or percentage of agreement-86.8%. The diagnostic accuracy of FNAC, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values of FNAC in the present study were fairly high ranging from 80%-100%. FNAC gave false positive diagnosis in 13.2% cases and false negative result in 13.2% cases.